Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny clusters of blood vessels within the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. This inflammation impairs the kidneys' filtering ability, allowing blood and protein to leak into the urine while also disrupting the normal removal of waste products and fluid regulation. The condition can occur suddenly as an acute episode, often following an infection or as part of an autoimmune disease flare, or develop gradually as a chronic process that slowly damages kidney function over years. A wide range of underlying causes can trigger glomerulonephritis, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain inherited conditions, each requiring different diagnostic and treatment approaches. If left untreated, particularly chronic forms, glomerulonephritis can progress to chronic kidney disease and eventually kidney failure, making prompt diagnosis and targeted treatment important.

The most common symptoms include: Blood in the urine giving it a pink; red; or cola colour; foamy urine from protein loss. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Glomerulonephritis is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications to control the immune-related inflammation; particularly in autoimmune-related forms. Blood pressure control using ACE inhibitors or ARBs helps protect kidney function and reduce protein loss in the urine. Cases caused by infection require treatment of the underlying infection; while advanced disease progressing to kidney failure may eventually require dialysis or kidney transplantation.. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nephrology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Glomerulonephritis cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Prompt treatment of streptococcal throat and skin infections; managing autoimmune conditions effectively; regular kidney function monitoring for those with a history of glomerulonephritis or autoimmune disease.

Consult a Nephrology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.