What a medical oncologist does
A medical oncologist is a physician who treats cancer with medicines: chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Training is MD in Medicine followed by a DM or DNB in Medical Oncology. They plan treatment along with surgical and radiation oncologists and lead supportive care to manage side effects and symptoms.
When a medical oncologist is involved
- After a biopsy confirms cancer, to decide on the treatment plan.
- Chemotherapy before surgery (to shrink a tumour) or after surgery (to lower the chance of recurrence).
- Cancers that are widespread or involve the blood, such as lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma.
- Hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer.
- Follow-up after treatment and monitoring for recurrence.
Types of drug treatment
Chemotherapy kills fast-growing cells; targeted therapy blocks specific features of cancer cells, such as HER2 in breast cancer or EGFR in some lung cancers; immunotherapy helps the immune system recognise cancer; hormone therapy blocks hormones that feed some tumours. The choice depends on tumour type, stage and tests of the tumour such as hormone receptors and genetic markers.
Side effects and supportive care
Common side effects include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, low blood counts and infection risk. Fever during chemotherapy is an emergency. Modern anti-nausea medicines, growth factors and nutrition support make treatment more tolerable. Blood tests such as CBC, liver and kidney function and tumour markers are checked regularly.
Costs and choosing
Consultation fees commonly range from about ₹800 to ₹2,500 and may vary; treatment costs depend widely on drugs and duration, and many schemes and hospitals support patients. Choose a DM/DNB-qualified oncologist at a centre with multidisciplinary tumour boards, ask about the plan, goals and alternatives, and seek a second opinion when unsure. Compare medical oncologists and book on Lab Dekho.
Trusted References
This guide is original content informed by recognised medical and public-health sources. For further reading:
Disclaimer: This guide is for general information and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. Costs and fees are approximate and vary by provider. Institution names are given for orientation only; check current services and timings directly. In an emergency, call 108 or 112.