Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys when urine becomes concentrated, allowing these substances to crystallise and clump together. Stones can vary greatly in size, from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball, and while small stones may pass unnoticed through the urinary tract, larger stones can become lodged and cause intense pain as they attempt to move through the narrow ureter. The condition is more common in hot climates like much of India, where inadequate fluid intake combined with sweating leads to more concentrated urine and a higher risk of stone formation. Kidney stones frequently recur once a person has experienced one, making identification of the specific stone type and underlying risk factors important for long-term prevention. Most stones pass on their own with adequate hydration and pain control, though larger or obstructing stones may require a procedure for removal.

The most common symptoms include: Severe pain in the back or side that often radiates to the lower abdomen and groin; blood in the urine; nausea and vomiting; frequent urge to urinate. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Kidney Stones is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Small stones are often managed with increased fluid intake and pain relief medication to allow natural passage; sometimes supported by medication that relaxes the ureter to ease passage. Larger or obstructing stones may require procedures such as shock wave lithotripsy to break the stone into smaller fragments; or minimally invasive surgical techniques to remove the stone directly. Identifying the stone composition through analysis helps guide dietary and medical measures to reduce the risk of future stones.. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nephrology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Kidney Stones cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Drinking plenty of water throughout the day to keep urine dilute; reducing salt and animal protein intake; moderating consumption of oxalate-rich foods for those prone to calcium oxalate stones.

Consult a Nephrology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.