Urine Routine & Microscopy (Urinalysis) Test

Urinalysis, often called Urine Routine & Microscopy, is a comprehensive screening test that examines the physical appearance, chemical composition, and microscopic contents of a urine sample.

The physical exam checks color, clarity, and concentration; the chemical portion uses a dipstick to detect substances like protein, glucose, blood, and signs of infection; and the microscopic exam looks directly for cells, crystals, bacteria, and casts that shouldn't normally be present in significant numbers.

Because urine is produced by the kidneys and passes through the urinary tract, this single test can offer clues about a remarkably wide range of conditions — from simple urinary infections to underlying kidney disease, diabetes, and liver problems.

It's one of the most commonly performed lab tests precisely because it's inexpensive, non-invasive, and can flag potential problems in multiple organ systems simultaneously.