Prolactin Test
Category
Endocrinology
Specimen
Blood (Serum)
Organ System
—
Available At
0 labs
About Prolactin Test
Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, best known for stimulating milk production after childbirth, though it also plays a role in reproductive and menstrual health in both women and men.
Outside of pregnancy and breastfeeding, prolactin levels are normally quite low, so an unexplained elevation often warrants investigation, particularly since it can interfere with the normal hormonal signals that regulate ovulation and menstruation in women, and testosterone production in men.
One of the more common causes of mildly elevated prolactin is simply the stress of the blood draw itself, or medications like certain antidepressants and antipsychotics, which is why an elevated result is often confirmed with a repeat, more carefully timed test before extensive further investigation.
More significantly elevated levels can indicate a prolactinoma, a usually benign but hormone-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland, which is typically manageable with medication once identified.
When Should You Get Prolactin Test
Prolactin testing is ordered for:
- Unexplained milk production or nipple discharge unrelated to breastfeeding
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Infertility evaluation in women
- Low libido or erectile dysfunction in men
- Headaches or vision changes, which can occur with larger pituitary tumors
Conditions Prolactin Test Can Detect
Elevated prolactin is linked to:
- Prolactinoma, a benign pituitary tumor
- Hypothyroidism, which can secondarily raise prolactin
- Certain medications, including some antidepressants and antipsychotics
- Normal pregnancy and breastfeeding
How to Prepare for Prolactin Test
- Avoid stress, vigorous exercise, and nipple stimulation for at least an hour before the test, as all of these can temporarily raise prolactin levels.
- Morning testing is often preferred, ideally a few hours after waking, since prolactin levels can be affected by sleep.
- Mention all medications you're taking, since several common drugs are known to raise prolactin.
Prolactin Test Normal Reference Ranges
| Parameter | Normal Range |
|---|---|
| Men | 4–15.2 ng/mL |
| Non-pregnant women | 4.8–23.3 ng/mL |
Mildly elevated prolactin is often confirmed with a repeat test under more controlled, low-stress conditions before further investigation, while significantly elevated levels typically prompt imaging of the pituitary gland to check for a prolactinoma.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Prolactin Test
Can stress affect this test?
Yes, physical or emotional stress, and even the stress of the blood draw itself, can temporarily raise prolactin, so a calm, rested state and sometimes a repeat test are recommended for accurate interpretation.
What is a prolactinoma?
It's a usually benign, hormone-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland that causes prolactin overproduction — most cases are effectively managed with medication rather than surgery.
Can men have prolactin problems too?
Yes, elevated prolactin in men can cause low libido, erectile dysfunction, and reduced testosterone, so this test isn't limited to women's health concerns.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Lab test results should always be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional in the context of your clinical history. Do not self-diagnose or alter your treatment based on test results alone.
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