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What a cardiothoracic surgeon does

A cardiothoracic surgeon operates on the heart, lungs, oesophagus and chest. After MBBS and an MS in General Surgery, training is an MCh or DNB in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS). They work closely with cardiologists, who decide with you whether medicines, a stent or surgery is the best option.

Common operations

• Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for severe or multiple blockages.
• Heart valve repair or replacement.
• Surgery for congenital heart defects in children and adults.
• Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection repair.
• Lung surgery for cancer, infections or collapsed lung, and chest wall or oesophageal surgery.
• Pacemaker implantation, heart transplant and assist devices at specialised centres.

When surgery is considered

Bypass surgery is typically advised when blockages are extensive, involve the main artery, or occur with diabetes or weak heart function. A stent (angioplasty) is often suitable for fewer blockages. Heart valve disease needs surgery when it causes symptoms or heart enlargement. A heart team discussion helps choose the right approach.

Before and after surgery

Pre-operative tests include CBC, kidney function, blood sugar, clotting tests and a lipid profile, an ECG, echocardiogram, chest X-ray and often angiography. Typical hospital stay is about 5 to 10 days, with cardiac rehabilitation, medicines and lifestyle change afterwards. Stopping smoking and controlling diabetes and blood pressure protect the new grafts.

Costs and choosing

Consultation fees commonly range from about ₹800 to ₹2,500 and may vary. Costs of heart surgery vary widely by hospital, procedure, implants and room, so ask for an itemised estimate and check insurance and Ayushman Bharat coverage. Choose an MCh/DNB surgeon with high-volume experience at a hospital with a dedicated cardiac ICU, and consider a second opinion. Compare surgeons and book on Lab Dekho.

Trusted References

This guide is original content informed by recognised medical and public-health sources. For further reading:

• NABH – hospital accreditation standards
• NABL – laboratory accreditation
• Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY
• Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
• Mayo Clinic – Patient care & health information
• Cleveland Clinic – Health Library
• WebMD – Health A–Z

Disclaimer: This guide is for general information and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. Costs and fees are approximate and vary by provider. Institution names are given for orientation only; check current services and timings directly. In an emergency, call 108 or 112.