Typhoid

Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, transmitted through contaminated food and water in areas with poor sanitation. It remains a significant public health concern in India, particularly in regions with inadequate access to clean drinking water. The infection begins with the bacteria invading the intestinal lining before spreading into the bloodstream, causing a prolonged, stepwise rising fever along with gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. Without appropriate antibiotic treatment, typhoid can lead to serious complications including intestinal perforation and bleeding. Prompt diagnosis through blood culture and early antibiotic therapy generally lead to full recovery.

The most common symptoms include: Prolonged high fever that rises in a stepwise pattern; severe headache; abdominal pain and discomfort; constipation or diarrhoea. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, Typhoid is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Treatment relies on a course of targeted antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones; azithromycin; or third-generation cephalosporins. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified General Medicine specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Typhoid cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Drinking safe or boiled water; typhoid vaccination; thorough handwashing before eating and after using the toilet.

Consult a General Medicine specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.