Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, with bacterial pneumonia often being more severe and requiring prompt antibiotic treatment. The condition ranges in severity from mild illness manageable at home to a severe, life-threatening infection requiring hospitalisation, particularly in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems or chronic illness. Pneumonia remains a significant cause of illness and death in India, especially among young children and the elderly, where it can progress rapidly if not treated promptly. Chest X-ray and clinical examination are typically used for diagnosis, and treatment depends on the identified or suspected causative organism.

The most common symptoms include: Cough with phlegm or mucus; fever and chills; difficulty breathing or rapid breathing; chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, Pneumonia is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Bacterial pneumonia is treated with a course of appropriate antibiotics; selected based on the likely organism; severity of illness. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Pulmonology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Pneumonia cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Getting recommended pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations; practising good hand hygiene; avoiding smoking.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Pneumonia. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.