Phimosis

Acute Kidney Injury

Severe · Common in hospitalised and critically ill patients, though less frequent in the general community population

Azoospermia

Moderate · Uncommon — affects approximately 1% of all men and up to 10-15% of men evaluated for infertility

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Mild · Very common — affects over 50% of men by age 60 and up to 90% by age 85

Chronic Kidney Disease

Severe · Common — affects a substantial proportion of adults in India, closely linked to the growing burden of diabetes and hypertension