Obesity

Obesity is a complex chronic condition characterised by excessive accumulation of body fat that increases the risk of numerous health problems, typically assessed using body mass index alongside waist circumference and body composition. It develops from a sustained imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, influenced by a combination of genetic, behavioural, environmental, and metabolic factors rather than simply a lack of willpower. Rates of obesity have been rising sharply in urban India, driven by increasingly sedentary lifestyles, processed food consumption, and reduced physical activity. Obesity is strongly linked to conditions including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and certain cancers, making it a major driver of chronic disease burden. Management requires a sustained, individualised approach combining dietary change, physical activity, and, in some cases, medical or surgical intervention.

The most common symptoms include: Excess body fat particularly around the abdomen; breathlessness with mild exertion; joint pain especially in knees and hips; fatigue. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Obesity is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment centres on structured lifestyle modification including a calorie-appropriate balanced diet; regular physical activity; and behavioural strategies to support sustainable habit change. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Family Medicine specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Obesity cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Maintaining a balanced diet with controlled portion sizes; engaging in regular physical activity; limiting intake of processed and sugary foods.

Consult a Family Medicine specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.