Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty plaques, a process known as atherosclerosis. This gradual narrowing reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart, which can cause chest pain during exertion and, if a plaque ruptures and forms a clot, a sudden heart attack. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is increasingly common in India, where it tends to affect people at younger ages compared to Western populations. The disease often develops silently over years or decades before producing noticeable symptoms, making risk factor screening and management critical for prevention. Diagnosis typically involves ECG, stress testing, and imaging studies such as coronary angiography, with treatment ranging from lifestyle changes to medication and revascularisation procedures.

The most common symptoms include: Chest pain or discomfort especially with exertion; shortness of breath; fatigue; pain radiating to the arm. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Coronary Artery Disease is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment includes lifestyle modification such as a heart-healthy diet; regular exercise; and smoking cessation. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Cardiology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Coronary Artery Disease cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Maintaining a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fat and salt; regular physical activity; avoiding smoking and tobacco use.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.