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What a proctologist does

A proctologist or colorectal surgeon treats diseases of the rectum, anus and colon. Most are general surgeons (MS) with additional training or a fellowship in colorectal surgery. Because many people delay seeing a doctor out of embarrassment, problems that are easy to treat early can become painful and complicated.

Common conditions

• Piles (haemorrhoids): swollen veins causing bleeding, pain or lumps; common with constipation and straining.
• Anal fissure: a tear causing sharp pain and bright blood on passing stool.
• Anal fistula and abscess: painful swelling with discharge, which often needs surgery.
• Pilonidal sinus, rectal prolapse and incontinence.
• Colon polyps, colitis and colorectal cancer.

When to see a doctor

Do not assume all rectal bleeding is piles. Bleeding that is dark, mixed with stool, associated with a change in bowel habit, weight loss or anaemia needs a colonoscopy to rule out cancer. See a doctor if symptoms last more than a week or two, if there is severe pain, fever or a lump with swelling around the anus.

Treatment

Early piles and fissures often improve with fibre, plenty of water, warm baths and medicines. Procedures include rubber-band ligation, laser or stapler surgery for piles, sphincterotomy for fissures, and fistula surgery, including newer sphincter-saving techniques. Many are day-care procedures. Beware of clinics promising a guaranteed, painless, permanent cure.

Tests

Examination, proctoscopy, colonoscopy and CBC and stool tests may be used. Fees commonly range from about ₹500 to ₹1,500 and may vary; procedure costs vary by method and hospital. Prevent problems with fibre-rich food, hydration, exercise and not straining. Compare specialists and book on Lab Dekho.

Trusted References

This guide is original content informed by recognised medical and public-health sources. For further reading:

• NABH – hospital accreditation standards
• NABL – laboratory accreditation
• Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY
• Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
• Mayo Clinic – Patient care & health information
• Cleveland Clinic – Health Library
• WebMD – Health A–Z

Disclaimer: This guide is for general information and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. Costs and fees are approximate and vary by provider. Institution names are given for orientation only; check current services and timings directly. In an emergency, call 108 or 112.