Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterised by the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin's effects, combined with the pancreas gradually losing its ability to produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance and maintain normal blood sugar levels. It is by far the most common form of diabetes and has reached epidemic proportions in India, driven by rising rates of obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary changes, with Indians also having a genetic predisposition to developing the condition at a lower body weight than other populations. The condition typically develops gradually over years, often preceded by a period of prediabetes, and can remain undiagnosed for a long time since early symptoms may be mild or absent. Left poorly controlled, type 2 diabetes significantly increases the risk of serious long-term complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. While it cannot always be reversed, type 2 diabetes can be effectively managed and sometimes put into remission through sustained lifestyle changes, and medication when needed.

The most common symptoms include: Increased thirst; frequent urination; fatigue; blurred vision. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Type 2 Diabetes is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment begins with lifestyle modification including weight loss; regular physical activity; and dietary changes emphasising whole grains. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Endocrinology & Diabetology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Type 2 Diabetes cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Maintaining a healthy body weight; engaging in regular physical activity; choosing whole grains and fibre-rich foods over refined carbohydrates and sugary foods.

Consult a Endocrinology & Diabetology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.