Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs but can also spread to other organs including the kidneys, spine, and brain. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, making it highly transmissible in close-contact settings. The infection can remain dormant for years as latent TB without causing symptoms, or progress to active disease that causes significant lung damage if untreated. India carries one of the highest burdens of tuberculosis in the world.

The most common symptoms include: Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks; coughing up blood or sputum; chest pain; unexplained weight loss. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, Tuberculosis is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Treatment requires a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics; typically for six months or longer; to fully eradicate the bacteria and prevent drug resistance. Directly observed therapy is often used to ensure adherence. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Infectious Diseases specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Tuberculosis cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: BCG vaccination in infancy; prompt diagnosis and complete treatment of active cases; good ventilation in crowded spaces.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Tuberculosis. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.