Head and Neck Cancer Specialists in Nerkundram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

What is Head and Neck Cancer?

Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that arise in the mouth, throat, voice box, sinuses, nasal cavity, or salivary glands, most commonly originating from the flat squamous cells lining these moist surfaces. It is strongly linked to tobacco and alcohol use, which together dramatically increase risk, while a growing proportion of throat cancers, particularly of the tonsils and base of tongue, are now linked to human papillomavirus infection. These cancers can affect essential functions such as speaking, swallowing, and breathing, and their visible location often causes significant impact on appearance and quality of life. Early detection through evaluation of persistent symptoms significantly improves treatment outcomes and organ preservation.

Causes of Head and Neck Cancer

The majority of head and neck cancers are caused by chronic exposure to tobacco in any form combined with heavy alcohol consumption, which act synergistically to damage the DNA of cells lining the mouth and throat. Human papillomavirus, particularly strain 16, is an increasingly recognized cause of throat cancers, especially of the tonsils and base of tongue, in both smokers and non-smokers. Other risk factors include areca nut or betel quid chewing, prolonged sun exposure for lip cancers, and a history of previous head and neck cancer.

Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer

a persistent sore or ulcer in the mouth that does not heal, a lump or swelling in the neck, persistent sore throat, difficulty or pain when swallowing, hoarseness or voice changes lasting more than a few weeks, unexplained weight loss, ear pain without an ear infection, white or red patches inside the mouth

Treatment & Types of Head and Neck Cancer in Nerkundram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Treatment is tailored to the specific location, stage, and underlying cause of the cancer and typically involves surgery to remove the tumour, radiation therapy to eliminate remaining cancer cells while attempting to preserve function, and chemotherapy used concurrently with radiation for more advanced disease to improve outcomes. Reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation, including speech and swallowing therapy, are often essential parts of recovery given the functional and cosmetic impact of these cancers. A multidisciplinary team approach is standard given the complexity of preserving speech, swallowing, and appearance while treating the cancer effectively.

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