Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterised by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of male hormones called androgens, and, in many cases, multiple small cysts on the ovaries visible on ultrasound. The condition disrupts normal ovulation, which can lead to irregular or absent periods and difficulty conceiving, while the associated hormonal imbalance also causes symptoms such as excess facial or body hair growth and acne. Polycystic ovary syndrome is closely linked to insulin resistance in many affected women, creating a bidirectional relationship with weight gain and significantly raising the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The exact combination and severity of symptoms vary considerably between individuals, meaning diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical features, blood tests, and ultrasound findings rather than any single test. While there is no cure, symptoms and long-term health risks can be effectively managed through lifestyle changes and medication tailored to individual goals, whether symptom relief or fertility.

The most common symptoms include: Irregular or absent menstrual periods; excess hair growth on the face and body; acne; weight gain particularly around the abdomen. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment is tailored to individual symptoms and goals; with lifestyle modification including weight management and regular exercise forming a foundation that can improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance. Hormonal contraceptives are commonly used to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen-related symptoms such as acne and excess hair growth; while medications like metformin may be used to address insulin resistance. For women trying to conceive. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Endocrinology & Diabetology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Polycystic Ovary Syndrome cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Maintaining a healthy body weight through diet and regular exercise; early evaluation of irregular menstrual cycles; regular screening for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors given the associated long-term risks.

Consult a Endocrinology & Diabetology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.