Pericarditis

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin double-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart, most often causing sharp chest pain that characteristically worsens with lying down or deep breathing and improves when sitting forward. It can occur as an isolated acute episode, frequently following a viral infection, or become recurrent or chronic in some individuals. The inflammation can sometimes cause fluid to accumulate between the layers of the pericardium, known as a pericardial effusion, which in significant amounts can impair the heart's ability to fill and pump blood effectively. Most cases of acute pericarditis are mild and resolve within a few weeks with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Rarely, pericarditis can lead to serious complications such as cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis, which require urgent specialist intervention.

The most common symptoms include: Sharp or stabbing chest pain that worsens with lying down or breathing deeply; chest pain relieved by sitting up and leaning forward; low-grade fever; palpitations. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Pericarditis is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment for acute pericarditis typically involves nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and colchicine to reduce inflammation and prevent recurrence; with rest recommended during the acute phase. Corticosteroids may be used in cases that do not respond to first-line treatment or when other therapies are contraindicated. Significant pericardial effusion causing compression of the heart requires urgent drainage; while chronic constrictive pericarditis may ultimately require surgical removal of the pericardium.. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Cardiology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Pericarditis cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Prompt treatment of underlying infections; managing autoimmune conditions effectively; avoiding known triggers if a prior episode has occurred.

Consult a Cardiology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.