Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterised by significant damage to the tiny filtering units within the kidneys, causing large amounts of protein to leak from the blood into the urine. This protein loss leads to low blood protein levels, which in turn causes fluid to shift out of blood vessels into surrounding tissues, resulting in the characteristic widespread swelling associated with the condition. The syndrome can occur at any age, with certain causes being more common in children and others more typical in adults, and can result from a primary kidney disorder or occur as a complication of a systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus. Along with swelling, the significant protein loss disrupts the body's normal balance of fats and increases susceptibility to infections and blood clots. Treatment addresses both the underlying cause where identifiable and the complications arising from significant protein loss, with many cases, particularly in children, responding well to medication.

The most common symptoms include: Significant swelling particularly around the eyes; legs; and abdomen; foamy or frothy urine. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Nephrotic Syndrome is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment often includes corticosteroids as first-line therapy; particularly effective in minimal change disease common in children; with other immunosuppressive medications used for cases that do not respond adequately. Supportive management includes diuretics to reduce swelling. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nephrology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Nephrotic Syndrome cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: There is no guaranteed way to prevent nephrotic syndrome; but managing underlying conditions such as diabetes and lupus effectively; prompt treatment of infections.

Consult a Nephrology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.