Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a broad term describing deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of energy or nutrients, encompassing both undernutrition, in which the body lacks adequate calories, protein, vitamins, or minerals, and overnutrition, which includes obesity and diet-related noncommunicable disease. Undernutrition can result in wasting, characterized by low weight for height, stunting, characterized by low height for age from chronic deficiency, or specific micronutrient deficiencies affecting particular vitamins or minerals. It significantly impairs immune function, wound healing, growth and cognitive development in children, and recovery from illness or surgery, making it both a cause and consequence of poor health. Malnutrition disproportionately affects vulnerable populations including young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with chronic illness or limited access to adequate food.

The most common symptoms include: unintentional weight loss or poor weight gain in children; visible muscle wasting or loss of body fat; fatigue and weakness; delayed wound healing. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Malnutrition is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment depends on the severity and type of malnutrition; ranging from nutritional counseling and dietary modification for mild cases to structured refeeding programs using specially formulated therapeutic foods for moderate to severe undernutrition; carried out carefully to avoid dangerous complications such as refeeding syndrome. Addressing any underlying medical condition contributing to poor nutrition. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nutrition & Dietetics specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Malnutrition cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: ensuring access to a balanced diet with adequate calories; protein; and micronutrients.

Consult a Nutrition & Dietetics specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.