Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. It tends to occur in seasonal outbreaks and can range from a mild illness to a severe one requiring hospitalisation, particularly in young children, the elderly, and people with underlying health conditions. The illness typically has a sudden onset, distinguishing it clinically from the more gradual onset of the common cold. Influenza spreads efficiently between people in close proximity, making it capable of causing large community outbreaks and periodic pandemics when new viral strains emerge. Annual vaccination remains the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection and its complications.

The most common symptoms include: Sudden high fever; dry cough; sore throat; runny or stuffy nose. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, Influenza is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Most healthy individuals recover with rest; hydration; and symptomatic treatment using antipyretics and decongestants. Antiviral medications such as oseltamivir may be prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptom onset for high-risk patients to shorten illness duration and reduce complications. Hospitalisation and oxygen support may be required in severe cases involving pneumonia or respiratory failure.. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified General Medicine specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Influenza cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Annual influenza vaccination; frequent hand hygiene; avoiding close contact with sick individuals.

Consult a General Medicine specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.