Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricles, causing them to enlarge and exert pressure on surrounding brain tissue. It can be present at birth, known as congenital hydrocephalus, or develop later in life due to injury, infection, tumour, or bleeding that disrupts the normal production, flow, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. In infants, the buildup of pressure can cause visible enlargement of the head, while in older children and adults it more commonly causes symptoms related to raised intracranial pressure. Left untreated, it can cause progressive and potentially permanent brain damage.

The most common symptoms include: In infants: an unusually large head; bulging soft spot; vomiting; irritability. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Hydrocephalus is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: The standard treatment is surgical placement of a shunt system; a thin tube that diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body where it can be safely absorbed. An alternative procedure; endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Neurosurgery specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Hydrocephalus cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: No specific prevention exists for congenital hydrocephalus; though prompt treatment of infections like meningitis; early management of head injuries.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Hydrocephalus. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.