HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, which attacks and gradually destroys the immune system's CD4 cells, leaving the body increasingly vulnerable to infections and certain cancers. Without treatment, HIV infection progresses over years to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced stage of the disease, marked by severe immune suppression and opportunistic infections. With modern antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV can now achieve near-normal life expectancy and undetectable viral loads. The virus spreads through specific bodily fluids and is not transmitted through casual contact.

The most common symptoms include: Flu-like illness within weeks of infection; fever; fatigue; swollen lymph nodes. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, HIV/AIDS is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of treatment; combining multiple drug classes to suppress viral replication; allowing immune function to recover and preventing progression to AIDS. Lifelong adherence to ART enables viral suppression to undetectable levels. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Infectious Diseases specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While HIV/AIDS cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Consistent condom use; pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk individuals; avoiding sharing needles.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of HIV/AIDS. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.