Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver, caused by the hepatitis B virus, which can lead to both acute short-term illness and, in some individuals, a chronic lifelong infection that gradually damages the liver over years or decades. The virus spreads through contact with infected blood or body fluids, including through childbirth from mother to child, unprotected sexual contact, and sharing of needles or unsterilised medical or tattooing equipment. Many people infected as adults clear the virus naturally within a few months, while infection acquired at birth or in early childhood is far more likely to become chronic. Chronic hepatitis B infection significantly increases the long-term risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, making ongoing monitoring important even in the absence of symptoms. Effective vaccination has substantially reduced new infections where it has been widely implemented, and antiviral treatment can control chronic infection in many patients.

The most common symptoms include: Fatigue; loss of appetite; nausea and vomiting; abdominal pain particularly in the upper right area. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, Hepatitis B is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Acute hepatitis B infection is generally managed with supportive care as the immune system clears the virus in most adult cases. Chronic hepatitis B infection is managed with antiviral medications that suppress viral replication and reduce the risk of liver damage; though these typically require long-term or lifelong use. Regular monitoring with blood tests and periodic liver imaging is important to detect early signs of cirrhosis or liver cancer in those with chronic infection.. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Hepatology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Hepatitis B cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Hepatitis B vaccination including the birth dose recommended for all newborns; practising safe sex; avoiding sharing needles or personal items that may carry blood.

Consult a Hepatology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.