Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that arise in the mouth, throat, voice box, sinuses, nasal cavity, or salivary glands, most commonly originating from the flat squamous cells lining these moist surfaces. It is strongly linked to tobacco and alcohol use, which together dramatically increase risk, while a growing proportion of throat cancers, particularly of the tonsils and base of tongue, are now linked to human papillomavirus infection. These cancers can affect essential functions such as speaking, swallowing, and breathing, and their visible location often causes significant impact on appearance and quality of life. Early detection through evaluation of persistent symptoms significantly improves treatment outcomes and organ preservation.

The most common symptoms include: a persistent sore or ulcer in the mouth that does not heal; a lump or swelling in the neck; persistent sore throat; difficulty or pain when swallowing. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Head and Neck Cancer is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment is tailored to the specific location; stage; and underlying cause of the cancer and typically involves surgery to remove the tumour. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Radiation Oncology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Head and Neck Cancer cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: avoiding tobacco use in all forms; limiting alcohol consumption; avoiding areca nut and betel quid chewing.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.