Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, the bundle of nerve fibers carrying visual information from the eye to the brain, most often due to abnormally high pressure inside the eye. Because it typically progresses slowly and painlessly with peripheral vision loss occurring first, many people are unaware they have it until significant and irreversible damage has already occurred, earning it the nickname the silent thief of sight. There are several types, with open-angle glaucoma being the most common and slow-developing, while angle-closure glaucoma can occur suddenly and constitutes a medical emergency. Early detection through routine eye pressure checks is critical since vision lost to glaucoma cannot be restored.

The most common symptoms include: gradual loss of peripheral or side vision; tunnel vision in advanced stages; eye pain or pressure especially in acute angle-closure attacks; blurred vision. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Glaucoma is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure to slow or halt further optic nerve damage; typically starting with prescription eye drops such as prostaglandin analogs; beta-blockers. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Ophthalmology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Glaucoma cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: regular comprehensive eye exams including pressure checks especially after age 40; prompt treatment if diagnosed with elevated eye pressure; managing diabetes and blood pressure well.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Glaucoma. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.