Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease is a chronic condition in which the eyes do not produce enough quality tears to maintain adequate lubrication, or in which the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to surface inflammation and ongoing discomfort. It can result from decreased tear production, increased tear evaporation due to poor meibomian oil gland function, or an imbalance in the tear film's composition. The condition ranges from mild intermittent irritation to a chronic disorder that significantly affects quality of life and can damage the eye's surface if left untreated. It has become increasingly common due to greater screen use, contact lens wear, and an aging population.

The most common symptoms include: stinging or burning sensation in the eyes; sensation of grittiness or a foreign body in the eye; redness of the eyes; excessive watering as a paradoxical reflex response. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Dry Eye Disease is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment typically starts with artificial tear drops or lubricating gels to supplement the natural tear film; along with warm compresses and eyelid hygiene to improve oil gland function. Prescription anti-inflammatory drops such as cyclosporine or lifitegrast; or short courses of corticosteroid drops. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Ophthalmology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Dry Eye Disease cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: taking regular breaks during screen use; using a humidifier in dry indoor environments; wearing wraparound sunglasses outdoors.

Consult a Ophthalmology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.