Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease refers to structural abnormalities of the heart that are present from birth, arising from disruptions in normal heart development during pregnancy. These defects range from simple issues such as small holes between heart chambers that may close on their own, to complex malformations involving multiple structural abnormalities that require staged surgical correction. Some defects are detected before birth through prenatal ultrasound, while others are diagnosed only after birth when symptoms such as poor feeding, bluish skin discolouration, or a heart murmur become apparent. Advances in paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery have dramatically improved survival and quality of life for children born with these conditions. Many individuals with corrected congenital heart disease go on to lead full and active lives, though lifelong cardiology follow-up is often needed.

The most common symptoms include: Bluish discolouration of lips or skin; rapid or laboured breathing; poor feeding or weight gain in infants; fatigue with feeding or activity. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Congenital Heart Disease is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment depends heavily on the specific defect and its severity; ranging from careful monitoring for minor defects that may resolve on their own; to catheter-based procedures or open-heart surgery for more significant structural problems. Medications may be used to manage symptoms such as fluid overload or abnormal heart rhythms before or after surgical correction. Lifelong follow-up with a cardiologist is generally recommended even after successful repair to monitor for long-term complications.. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Cardiology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Congenital Heart Disease cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Ensuring good blood sugar control during pregnancy; receiving recommended vaccinations before pregnancy including for rubella; avoiding alcohol and unnecessary medications during pregnancy.

Consult a Cardiology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.