Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood effectively, typically progressing slowly over months to years. It is classified into stages based on how well the kidneys are functioning, measured through blood tests and urine tests, ranging from mild reduction in function to complete kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplantation. The two leading causes worldwide, and in India, are diabetes and high blood pressure, both of which damage the small blood vessels within the kidneys over time if not well controlled. Chronic kidney disease is often silent in its early stages, with significant kidney function loss occurring before symptoms become noticeable, making regular screening important for those with risk factors. While kidney damage that has already occurred generally cannot be reversed, treatment can significantly slow further progression and manage complications.

The most common symptoms include: Fatigue and weakness; swelling in the legs; ankles; or around the eyes. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Chronic Kidney Disease is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment focuses on slowing disease progression through tight control of blood pressure and blood sugar; dietary modifications including reduced salt and protein intake as advised; and medications such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs that help protect kidney function. Complications such as anaemia. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nephrology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Chronic Kidney Disease cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Managing blood pressure and blood sugar levels effectively; maintaining a healthy body weight; avoiding unnecessary or excessive use of medications that can harm the kidneys.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.