Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers an immune reaction that damages the lining of the small intestine. This damage flattens the finger-like projections called villi that are responsible for absorbing nutrients, leading to malabsorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients even when food intake appears adequate. Celiac disease can present at any age with a wide range of symptoms, from classic digestive complaints to subtler signs such as unexplained anaemia, fatigue, or infertility, making diagnosis sometimes challenging. The condition is genetically linked and tends to run in families, though not everyone with the genetic predisposition develops the disease. Strict, lifelong avoidance of gluten is currently the only effective treatment, allowing the intestinal lining to heal and symptoms to resolve.

The most common symptoms include: Diarrhoea or constipation; abdominal bloating and pain; fatigue; unexplained weight loss. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Celiac Disease is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: The only effective treatment is a strict; lifelong gluten-free diet; which allows the intestinal lining to heal over time and resolves most symptoms. Nutritional supplementation may be needed initially to correct deficiencies in iron. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Gastroenterology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Celiac Disease cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: There is no known way to prevent celiac disease itself; but early diagnosis and strict adherence to a gluten-free diet prevents ongoing intestinal damage and nutrient deficiencies; screening of first-degree relatives of diagnosed patients.

Consult a Gastroenterology specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.