Bone Metastasis

Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells originating from a tumour elsewhere in the body, most commonly the breast, prostate, lung, kidney, or thyroid, travel through the bloodstream and establish secondary growths within the bone. Once cancer cells settle in the bone marrow, they disrupt the normal balance between bone-building and bone-dissolving cells, leading to either weakened, destructive lesions or abnormally dense bone formation depending on the cancer type. This process significantly weakens the affected bone, making it prone to pain, fracture, and elevated blood calcium levels. Bone metastasis is a marker of advanced cancer and is typically detected using bone scans, PET imaging, MRI, or CT scans.

The most common symptoms include: persistent bone pain that often worsens at night or with activity; bone fractures occurring with minimal or no trauma; swelling over the affected bone; weakness or numbness if the spine is compressed. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Bone Metastasis is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment aims to control pain; prevent fractures; and manage the underlying cancer. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nuclear Medicine specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Bone Metastasis cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: not directly preventable once the primary cancer has spread; early detection and treatment of the primary cancer to reduce the risk of metastasis; regular follow-up imaging for cancer survivors at higher risk.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Bone Metastasis. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.