Anaemia

Anaemia is a condition in which the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. It is extremely common in India, disproportionately affecting women, children, and pregnant individuals, largely due to widespread iron-deficient diets. The condition can arise from reduced red blood cell production, increased destruction of red blood cells, or blood loss, with iron deficiency being by far the most common underlying cause locally. Symptoms develop gradually as the body's oxygen-carrying capacity declines, often going unnoticed until they significantly affect daily functioning. Identifying and treating the underlying cause, alongside correcting the deficiency, is essential for full recovery.

The most common symptoms include: Persistent fatigue and weakness; pale skin and pale inner eyelids; shortness of breath on exertion; dizziness or lightheadedness. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Anaemia is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment depends on the underlying cause but commonly includes oral or intravenous iron supplementation; dietary modification to increase iron-rich foods; and treatment of any source of chronic blood loss. Vitamin B12 or folate supplementation is used when deficiency of these nutrients is the cause. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified General Medicine specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Anaemia cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Eating iron-rich foods such as leafy greens; legumes; and meat.

Consult a General Medicine specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.