Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, a progressive neurological disorder in which brain cells gradually degenerate and die, leading to a continuous and irreversible decline in memory, thinking, and the ability to carry out everyday activities independently. The disease is characterised by the abnormal buildup of two proteins within the brain, amyloid plaques outside nerve cells and tau tangles within them, which are believed to disrupt communication between brain cells and eventually cause them to die. Symptoms typically begin subtly with mild forgetfulness and progress gradually over years to more significant memory loss, confusion, personality changes, and eventually complete dependence on caregivers for basic daily activities. While age is the single greatest risk factor and most cases occur after 65, Alzheimer's is not considered a normal or inevitable part of ageing. There is currently no cure, but early diagnosis allows access to treatments that can help manage symptoms and slow decline, along with valuable time for patients and families to plan for future care needs.

The most common symptoms include: Memory loss that disrupts daily life; difficulty planning or solving problems; challenges completing familiar tasks; confusion about time or place. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Alzheimer's Disease is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: No treatment currently reverses or cures Alzheimer's disease; but certain medications; including cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Neurology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Alzheimer's Disease cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Regular physical exercise; engaging in mentally stimulating activities; maintaining a healthy diet particularly one rich in fruits.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.