Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury is a sudden decline in kidney function occurring over hours to days, resulting in the buildup of waste products and disruption of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. Unlike chronic kidney disease, which develops gradually, acute kidney injury arises abruptly, often triggered by a serious illness, severe dehydration, blocked urine flow, or exposure to certain medications or toxins that directly harm the kidneys. It is commonly seen in hospitalised patients, particularly those who are critically ill, undergoing major surgery, or experiencing severe infection, though it can also occur in otherwise healthy individuals from severe dehydration or an obstructing kidney stone. With prompt identification and treatment of the underlying cause, kidney function often recovers substantially, though severe or prolonged episodes can sometimes lead to lasting kidney damage. Close monitoring of kidney function is essential in anyone at risk, particularly during severe illness or after exposure to potentially harmful medications.

The most common symptoms include: Decreased urine output; swelling in the legs; ankles; or around the eyes. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

No, Acute Kidney Injury is not contagious. It cannot spread through casual contact. However, certain risk factors and genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility.

Treatment options include: Treatment focuses on promptly identifying and correcting the underlying cause; such as restoring adequate blood flow through fluid replacement; relieving urinary obstruction. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Nephrology specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Acute Kidney Injury cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Staying adequately hydrated especially during illness or hot weather; avoiding unnecessary or excessive use of medications known to affect the kidneys; promptly treating conditions that cause dehydration such as vomiting or diarrhoea.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury. This is a serious condition — go to the emergency room or call 112 if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.