Acute Gastroenteritis

Acute gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes sudden-onset diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping, usually triggered by an infection or contaminated food or water. It is extremely common in India, particularly during the monsoon season when water contamination is more likely, and affects people of all ages though children and the elderly are at higher risk of complications. The inflammation disrupts the normal absorption of fluids and nutrients in the gut, leading to rapid fluid loss that can quickly progress to dehydration if not managed. Most cases are viral and self-limiting, resolving within a few days, though bacterial or parasitic causes may require specific treatment. The greatest risk from acute gastroenteritis is dehydration rather than the infection itself.

The most common symptoms include: Watery diarrhoea; nausea and vomiting; abdominal cramps and pain; low-grade fever. Early recognition is key to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Yes, Acute Gastroenteritis is contagious. It can spread from person to person. Practice good hygiene, avoid close contact with infected individuals, and follow isolation guidelines if advised by a doctor.

Treatment options include: Treatment focuses on preventing and correcting dehydration through oral rehydration solutions; with intravenous fluids reserved for severe dehydration or when oral intake is not tolerated. A light; easily digestible diet is resumed gradually as symptoms improve. Treatment should always be guided by a qualified Family Medicine specialist. Do not self-medicate.

While Acute Gastroenteritis cannot always be fully prevented, several measures can reduce risk: Drinking safe or boiled water; thorough handwashing before eating and after using the toilet; eating properly cooked and freshly prepared food.

Consult a Family Medicine specialist if symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen despite home care, or significantly affect your daily activities. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.