Does masturbation affect health, testosterone, or fertility?

No meaningful long-term effect on testosterone, fertility, or physical health. It becomes a concern only if it's compulsive and interferes with daily life or relationships.

The 'dhat' concept of semen loss causing weakness is culturally widespread in India but has no physiological basis — semen contains no nutrient in quantities that matter.

Sperm counts recover within a few days. Frequency only becomes a health issue when it is compulsive and interfering with work, sleep or relationships.