Should men get PSA testing?

It's a shared decision from around age 50 (45 with family history or higher-risk ancestry). PSA reduces prostate cancer deaths modestly but leads to overdiagnosis and treatment of cancers that would never have caused harm. Discuss trade-offs with your doctor.

PSA rises with benign enlargement, infection, recent ejaculation, cycling and prostate examination, so a single raised value does not mean cancer.

If PSA is raised, an MRI before biopsy is now standard in many guidelines and reduces unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis of insignificant cancers.