Coronary Artery Disease Specialists in Telangana

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty plaques, a process known as atherosclerosis. This gradual narrowing reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart, which can cause chest pain during exertion and, if a plaque ruptures and forms a clot, a sudden heart attack. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is increasingly common in India, where it tends to affect people at younger ages compared to Western populations. The disease often develops silently over years or decades before producing noticeable symptoms, making risk factor screening and management critical for prevention. Diagnosis typically involves ECG, stress testing, and imaging studies such as coronary angiography, with treatment ranging from lifestyle changes to medication and revascularisation procedures.

Causes of Coronary Artery Disease

Caused by the gradual buildup of cholesterol-rich plaques within the coronary artery walls, a process driven by high blood cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and chronic inflammation. Family history and genetic predisposition play a significant role, and risk increases substantially with age. Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, unhealthy diet high in saturated fats, and chronic stress further accelerate plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries.

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease

Chest pain or discomfort especially with exertion, shortness of breath, fatigue, pain radiating to the arm, jaw, or back, palpitations, dizziness, cold sweats, nausea, in some cases no symptoms until a heart attack occurs

Treatment & Types of Coronary Artery Disease in Telangana

Treatment includes lifestyle modification such as a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, combined with medications including statins to lower cholesterol, antiplatelet agents to prevent clotting, and antihypertensives to control blood pressure. Procedures such as angioplasty with stent placement or coronary artery bypass grafting are performed for significant blockages to restore adequate blood flow. Ongoing risk factor management and cardiac rehabilitation are important for long-term outcomes after diagnosis or intervention.

CAD is generally classified by clinical presentation into stable angina, where symptoms occur predictably with exertion, and acute coronary syndromes, which include unstable angina and heart attack caused by sudden plaque rupture and clot formation. Anatomically it is also described by the number of vessels involved, single-vessel, double-vessel, or triple-vessel disease, and by whether the left main coronary artery is affected, which strongly influences the choice between stenting and bypass surgery.

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